This guide sets up 2 Swarm nodes in a local private network. Each of the nodes is loaded into a specific directory; i.e. the folders ./s1 and ./s2.
The Swarm Accounting Protocol (SWAP) is required in order to form an incentivized network in Swarm. This requires chequebook Smart Contracts which keep track of the accounting done between Swarm nodes, and therefore there is need for a blockchain.
If you need these nodes to run without incentivization, please refer to the much simpler Standard version of this guide.
RSKj will be the node used to start the local Rootstock (RSK) blockchain.
Download it from:
rskj-core-unformatted-log-all.jar)websocat (optional)websocat is a command-line web socket client, used to query the nodes running in the private network.
If you plan to query the nodes, follow the instructions here to install it.
Start the RSK node through:
rm -rf datadir # clean up previous directory
java -jar rskj-core-unformatted-log-all.jar co.rsk.Start --regtest -base-path datadir
This starts the blockchain with the pre-mined address of 0xcd2a3d9f938e13cd947ec05abc7fe734df8dd826.
A SimpleSwapFactory Smart Contract will need to be deployed to the blockchain next.
This is a security measure to verify chequebook contracts deployed by the nodes in the network.
Execute:
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendTransaction","params":[{ "from": "0xcd2a3d9f938e13cd947ec05abc7fe734df8dd826", "gas": "0x2dc6c0", "data": "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"id":1 }' http://localhost:4444
The factory will be deployed at address 0x77045e71a7a2c50903d88e564cd72fab11e82051.
Execute:
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendTransaction","params":[{ "from": "0xcd2a3d9f938e13cd947ec05abc7fe734df8dd826", "to": "0xbf4f9637C281DDFb1Fbd3be5a1daE6531D408F11", "value":"0xde0b6b3a7640000" }], "id":1 }' http://localhost:4444 &&
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendTransaction","params":[{ "from": "0xcd2a3d9f938e13cd947ec05abc7fe734df8dd826", "to": "0xc45D64d8F9642a604Db93C59FD38492b262391CA", "value":"0xde0b6b3a7640000" }], "id":1 }' http://localhost:4444
Unlike in Ethereum, transactions don’t confirm instantly here. Wait a few seconds after this step!
Start a terminal and run cd to move to a directory where the files for the nodes will be created.
Make sure the swarm command boots up Swarm correctly before starting the nodes.
Start the first node through:
DATADIR1="s1" &&
rm -rf "$DATADIR1" && mkdir "$DATADIR1/" &&
swarm --bzznetworkid 5 --datadir "$DATADIR1" --swap --swap-backend-url http://localhost:4444 --ws --wsaddr=0.0.0.0 --wsapi=accounting,bzz,swap --wsorigins='*' --no-sync --bzzkeyhex 40b3e576b606d4580ad3c875e9fda07ba3e4d99a40534c5bf1bc72226451adb1 --nodekeyhex 2eae3526db799cb5f1ab6ab64255ba8182cdaeb4f773a0ae1244f4ca59978dc2 --swap-initial-deposit 500000000000 --swap-chequebook-factory 0x77045e71a7a2c50903d88e564cd72fab11e82051
Start the second node through:
DATADIR2="s2" &&
rm -rf "$DATADIR2" && mkdir "$DATADIR2" &&
swarm --bzznetworkid 5 --datadir "$DATADIR2" --port 40400 --swap --swap-backend-url http://localhost:4444 --bzzport 9100 --bootnodes "enode://9b7571c26d50bed78f614be5bf3b2d661176fdfeb546f100b84dd03545f4bc98e42e640286ac92fe110ec5f4995141743e47d8f642aa49ac05bd5f2cab2e881a@127.0.0.1:30399" --ws --wsaddr=0.0.0.0 --wsapi=accounting,bzz,swap --wsport 8556 --wsorigins='*' --no-sync --bzzkeyhex 73f0f0e024f09059acb267f836ba7924e0a02fe9dd8089293e7ca3b7a1c14a67 --swap-initial-deposit 500000000000 --swap-chequebook-factory 0x77045e71a7a2c50903d88e564cd72fab11e82051
This will populate the directories with all of the files needed for each of the Swarm nodes.
Note that:
5 must be used for incentives to be enabled. This value can be verified by inspecting the AllowedNetworkID variable set in the codebase.bootnodes parameter.ws (and related) parameters. The APIs enabled in this case are accounting, bzz, and swap. You can omit this parameter if you don’t plan to query the nodes.You can interact with the nodes in the network through the following means.
websocat can be used to call Swarm functions exposed through RPC.
For example, to query all balances for the node listening on port 8546, execute the following:
echo swap_balances | websocat "ws://127.0.0.1:8546" --origin localhost --jsonrpc -n --one-message &&
Note that this particular example requires SWAP to be enabled for this node.
Other calls might only be available depending on the wsapi configuration parameter.
The Swarm documentation might not be up-to-date in terms of including all exposed functions. Search for the rpc.API string in the Swarm codebase to figure out which calls are available.
A Swarm local web server endpoint for each node should be accessible through your browser.
The web interface will allow you to upload and download files.
By default, the server will be located at http://localhost:8500.
You can find which port is used for each node by taking a look at the bzzport flag used in each case.
By using the swarm binary you can execute operations in the standard manner, such as up, down, etc., for the node that uses the default parameters (such as port 8500).
You can find a list of commands here.
It’s possible to generate a random file and upload it to the network in order to trigger a cheque to be sent from one node to the other.
The following command generates a 1.6 MB file, pushes it to one node and then retrieves it on the other.
The file should be large enough to immediately trigger a cheque.
dd if=/dev/urandom of=output bs=1600k count=1 &&
swarm --bzzapi http://localhost:8500 down \
"bzz-raw://$(swarm --bzzapi http://localhost:9100 up output)"
If this doesn’t work, check that:
bzzapi) match the parameters for starting the nodes.SwapPaymentThreshold variable set in the codebase.If you want to start from scratch, simply execute the entire code again.
If you want the to maintain state when restarting the network, only repeat the swarm command for each node (make sure the DATADIR variables are defined) found in the Start the nodes section.
To start up more Swarm nodes, repeat the previous instructions with as many directories (./s1, ./s2, ./s3, …, ./sn) as you wish.
Make sure that:
bootnodes parameter value.bzzkeyhex) which are prefunded by the Ganache seed.
ERROR[11-26|16:29:40.620] error cashing cheque
swaplog=* base=d79b7346431a6112 err="failed to suggest gas price: Post http://localhost:4444: EOF"
INFO [11-26|16:32:48.728] Deploying new swap swaplog=* base=d79b7346431a6112 owner=0xc45D64d8F9642a604Db93C59FD38492b262391CA deposit=500000000000
WARN [11-26|16:32:48.733] chequebook deploy error, retrying... swaplog=* base=d79b7346431a6112 try=0 error="failed to suggest gas price: Post http://localhost:4444: EOF"
INFO [11-26|16:32:51.780] Deployed chequebook swaplog=* base=d79b7346431a6112 contract address=0x8e9a2a73BCA088852de1b6b510D9d9673cc09e90 deposit=500000000000 owner=0xc45D64d8F9642a604Db93C59FD38492b262391CA
On a Linux VM it works less often than on MAC.
INFO [11-26|17:09:11.769] Deploying new swap swaplog=* base=1b02472d87b178b0 owner=0xbf4f9637C281DDFb1Fbd3be5a1daE6531D408F11 deposit=500000000000
WARN [11-26|17:09:11.777] chequebook deploy error, retrying... swaplog=* base=1b02472d87b178b0 try=0 error="Post http://localhost:4444: read tcp 127.0.0.1:40528->127.0.0.1:4444: read: connection reset by peer"
WARN [11-26|17:09:12.784] chequebook deploy error, retrying... swaplog=* base=1b02472d87b178b0 try=1 error="failed to suggest gas price: Post http://localhost:4444: read tcp 127.0.0.1:40532->127.0.0.1:4444: read: connection reset by peer"
WARN [11-26|17:09:13.790] chequebook deploy error, retrying... swaplog=* base=1b02472d87b178b0 try=2 error="failed to suggest gas price: Post http://localhost:4444: EOF"
WARN [11-26|17:09:14.796] chequebook deploy error, retrying... swaplog=* base=1b02472d87b178b0 try=3 error="failed to suggest gas price: Post http://localhost:4444: read tcp 127.0.0.1:40540->127.0.0.1:4444: read: connection reset by peer"
WARN [11-26|17:09:15.801] chequebook deploy error, retrying... swaplog=* base=1b02472d87b178b0 try=4 error="failed to suggest gas price: Post http://localhost:4444: read tcp 127.0.0.1:40544->127.0.0.1:4444: read: connection reset by peer"
Fatal: Error starting protocol stack: failed to deploy chequebook: <nil>
Under the hood Gas Price Suggestion uses eth_gasPrice for RPC connections.
This call works on RSKj as verified with curl:
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_gasPrice","params":[], "id":1 }' http://localhost:4444
It is unknown if this problem is due to SWAP or the RSK node.
Guide based on Swap Rootstock (RSK) Guide by Ralph Pichler.
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